Avian Influenza (commonly known as avian or bird flu) is presently affecting bird populations in many Asian countries. The outbreak is caused by the H5NI virus (a sub-type of influenza A). Human cases (as well as a few deaths) have been reported.

Outbreaks of Avian flu have been reported in China, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. A few cases of people dying from it have been reported in Vietnam and Thailand. Presently, human cases are though to have occurred by direct contact with infected birds or surfaces contaminated with excretions from infected birds. However, the mode of transmission of this disease to humans is still being investigated.

Avian Influenza occurs worldwide but is normally restricted to wild birds. The virus was first isolated in birds (terns) in South Africa in 1961. It is very infectious among birds and can be deadly particularly in domesticated fowl such as chickens. Transmission to humans has been unusual. However, in 1997 the first case of direct birds to human transmission was documented in Hong Kong during an epidemic of Avian Influenza in poultry. At that time, the virus caused a severe respiratory infection in 18 people (six of who died). Since then, there have been other cases of people getting Avian Influenza. However, up to this time, there has not been a documented case of human-to-human transmission. There is great concern that the virus could mutate in the future into a form that can be transmitted directly among humans.

What Can Be Done To Avoid Bird?

Measures before travel:

1) Assemble a travel kit containing first aid and medical supplies. It is important to include a thermometer and an alcohol-based disinfectant hand rub for hand hygiene.

2) If possible, identify before hand in-country healthcare resources in case of sudden illness. It is also prudent to have a medical assistance/evacuation policy in addition to your medical insurance.

3) Be sure that you are up to date on your immunizations.

Precautions while traveling in an epedemic area:

First and foremost, avoid poultry farms, contact with animals in live food markets and any surfaces that appear to be contaminated with feces from poultry or other animals.

Practice frequent and appropriate hand hygiene. Clean your hands often with either soap and water or a waterless alcohol-base disinfectant hand rub to help prevent disease transmission.

All foods from poultry (including eggs) should be thoroughly cooked. Influenza viruses are destroyed by heat.

If you developed respiratory symptoms or other illness, seek prompt medical attention. There are antiviral medications to help treat this illness. The American embassy is a good source for health care providers in the region.

Finally, after your return, monitor your health for 10 days. If you developed any illness contact your doctor and inform him/her of your recent travel itinerary.